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# This file is part of daf_butler. 

# 

# Developed for the LSST Data Management System. 

# This product includes software developed by the LSST Project 

# (http://www.lsst.org). 

# See the COPYRIGHT file at the top-level directory of this distribution 

# for details of code ownership. 

# 

# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 

# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 

# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 

# (at your option) any later version. 

# 

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 

# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 

# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 

# GNU General Public License for more details. 

# 

# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 

# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 

 

__all__ = ("Registry", "AmbiguousDatasetError", "ConflictingDefinitionError", "OrphanedRecordError") 

 

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod 

import contextlib 

from typing import Optional, Mapping, Union, Iterable, Iterator 

 

from .config import Config 

from .dimensions import (DimensionConfig, DimensionUniverse, DimensionGraph, DataId, DimensionElement, 

DimensionRecord) 

from .datasets import DatasetRef 

from .schema import SchemaConfig 

from .utils import transactional 

from .dimensions import Dimension, DataCoordinate 

from .queries import DatasetTypeExpression, CollectionsExpression 

from .registryConfig import RegistryConfig 

 

 

class AmbiguousDatasetError(Exception): 

"""Exception raised when a `DatasetRef` has no ID and a `Registry` 

operation requires one. 

""" 

 

 

class ConflictingDefinitionError(Exception): 

"""Exception raised when trying to insert a database record when a 

conflicting record already exists. 

""" 

 

 

class OrphanedRecordError(Exception): 

"""Exception raised when trying to remove or modify a database record 

that is still being used in some other table. 

""" 

 

 

class Registry(metaclass=ABCMeta): 

"""Registry interface. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

registryConfig : `RegistryConfig` 

Registry configuration. 

schemaConfig : `SchemaConfig`, optional 

Schema configuration. 

dimensionConfig : `DimensionConfig` or `Config` or 

`DimensionGraph` configuration. 

""" 

 

defaultConfigFile = None 

"""Path to configuration defaults. Relative to $DAF_BUTLER_DIR/config or 

absolute path. Can be None if no defaults specified. 

""" 

 

@classmethod 

@abstractmethod 

def setConfigRoot(cls, root, config, full, overwrite=True): 

"""Set any filesystem-dependent config options for this Registry to 

be appropriate for a new empty repository with the given root. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

root : `str` 

Filesystem path to the root of the data repository. 

config : `Config` 

A `Config` to update. Only the subset understood by 

this component will be updated. Will not expand 

defaults. 

full : `Config` 

A complete config with all defaults expanded that can be 

converted to a `RegistryConfig`. Read-only and will not be 

modified by this method. 

Repository-specific options that should not be obtained 

from defaults when Butler instances are constructed 

should be copied from ``full`` to ``config``. 

overwrite : `bool`, optional 

If `False`, do not modify a value in ``config`` if the value 

already exists. Default is always to overwrite with the provided 

``root``. 

 

Notes 

----- 

If a keyword is explicitly defined in the supplied ``config`` it 

will not be overridden by this method if ``overwrite`` is `False`. 

This allows explicit values set in external configs to be retained. 

""" 

Config.updateParameters(RegistryConfig, config, full, toCopy=(), overwrite=overwrite) 

 

@staticmethod 

def fromConfig(registryConfig, schemaConfig=None, dimensionConfig=None, create=False, butlerRoot=None): 

"""Create `Registry` subclass instance from `config`. 

 

Uses ``registry.cls`` from `config` to determine which subclass to 

instantiate. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

registryConfig : `ButlerConfig`, `RegistryConfig`, `Config` or `str` 

Registry configuration 

schemaConfig : `SchemaConfig`, `Config` or `str`, optional. 

Schema configuration. Can be read from supplied registryConfig 

if the relevant component is defined and ``schemaConfig`` is 

`None`. 

dimensionConfig : `DimensionConfig` or `Config` or 

`str`, optional. `DimensionGraph` configuration. Can be read 

from supplied registryConfig if the relevant component is 

defined and ``dimensionConfig`` is `None`. 

create : `bool` 

Assume empty Registry and create a new one. 

 

Returns 

------- 

registry : `Registry` (subclass) 

A new `Registry` subclass instance. 

""" 

if schemaConfig is None: 

# Try to instantiate a schema configuration from the supplied 

# registry configuration. 

schemaConfig = SchemaConfig(registryConfig) 

elif not isinstance(schemaConfig, SchemaConfig): 

if isinstance(schemaConfig, str) or isinstance(schemaConfig, Config): 

schemaConfig = SchemaConfig(schemaConfig) 

else: 

raise ValueError("Incompatible Schema configuration: {}".format(schemaConfig)) 

 

if dimensionConfig is None: 

# Try to instantiate a dimension configuration from the supplied 

# registry configuration. 

dimensionConfig = DimensionConfig(registryConfig) 

elif not isinstance(dimensionConfig, DimensionConfig): 

if isinstance(dimensionConfig, str) or isinstance(dimensionConfig, Config): 

dimensionConfig = DimensionConfig(dimensionConfig) 

else: 

raise ValueError("Incompatible Dimension configuration: {}".format(dimensionConfig)) 

 

if not isinstance(registryConfig, RegistryConfig): 

if isinstance(registryConfig, str) or isinstance(registryConfig, Config): 

registryConfig = RegistryConfig(registryConfig) 

else: 

raise ValueError("Incompatible Registry configuration: {}".format(registryConfig)) 

 

cls = registryConfig.getRegistryClass() 

 

return cls(registryConfig, schemaConfig, dimensionConfig, create=create, 

butlerRoot=butlerRoot) 

 

def __init__(self, registryConfig, schemaConfig=None, dimensionConfig=None, create=False, 

butlerRoot=None): 

assert isinstance(registryConfig, RegistryConfig) 

self.config = registryConfig 

self.dimensions = DimensionUniverse(dimensionConfig) 

 

def __str__(self): 

return "None" 

 

@contextlib.contextmanager 

def transaction(self): 

"""Optionally implemented in `Registry` subclasses to provide exception 

safety guarantees in case an exception is raised in the enclosed block. 

 

This context manager may be nested (e.g. any implementation by a 

`Registry` subclass must nest properly). 

 

.. warning:: 

 

The level of exception safety is not guaranteed by this API. 

It may implement stong exception safety and roll back any changes 

leaving the state unchanged, or it may do nothing leaving the 

underlying `Registry` corrupted. Depending on the implementation 

in the subclass. 

 

.. todo:: 

 

Investigate if we may want to provide a `TransactionalRegistry` 

subclass that guarantees a particular level of exception safety. 

""" 

yield 

 

@abstractmethod 

def makeDatabaseDict(self, table, key, value): 

"""Construct a `DatabaseDict` backed by a table in the same database as 

this Registry. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

table : `table` 

Name of the table that backs the returned `DatabaseDict`. If this 

table already exists, its schema must include at least everything 

in ``valuetypes``. 

key : `str` 

The name of the field to be used as the dictionary key. Must not 

be present in ``value._fields``. 

value : `type` 

The type used for the dictionary's values, typically a 

`DatabaseDictRecordBase`. Must have a ``fields`` class method 

that is a tuple of field names; these field names must also appear 

in the return value of the ``types()`` class method, and it must be 

possible to construct it from a sequence of values. Lengths of 

string fields must be obtainable as a `dict` from using the 

``lengths`` property. 

 

Returns 

------- 

databaseDict : `DatabaseDict` 

`DatabaseDict` backed by this registry. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def getAllCollections(self): 

"""Get names of all the collections found in this repository. 

 

Returns 

------- 

collections : `set` of `str` 

The collections. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def find(self, collection, datasetType, dataId=None, **kwds): 

"""Lookup a dataset. 

 

This can be used to obtain a `DatasetRef` that permits the dataset to 

be read from a `Datastore`. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

collection : `str` 

Identifies the collection to search. 

datasetType : `DatasetType` or `str` 

A `DatasetType` or the name of one. 

dataId : `dict` or `DataCoordinate`, optional 

A `dict`-like object containing the `Dimension` links that identify 

the dataset within a collection. 

kwds 

Additional keyword arguments passed to 

`DataCoordinate.standardize` to convert ``dataId`` to a true 

`DataCoordinate` or augment an existing one. 

 

Returns 

------- 

ref : `DatasetRef` 

A ref to the Dataset, or `None` if no matching Dataset 

was found. 

 

Raises 

------ 

LookupError 

If one or more data ID keys are missing. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def registerDatasetType(self, datasetType): 

""" 

Add a new `DatasetType` to the Registry. 

 

It is not an error to register the same `DatasetType` twice. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

datasetType : `DatasetType` 

The `DatasetType` to be added. 

 

Raises 

------ 

ValueError 

Raised if the dimensions or storage class are invalid. 

ConflictingDefinitionError 

Raised if this DatasetType is already registered with a different 

definition. 

 

Returns 

------- 

inserted : `bool` 

`True` if ``datasetType`` was inserted, `False` if an identical 

existing `DatsetType` was found. Note that in either case the 

DatasetType is guaranteed to be defined in the Registry 

consistently with the given definition. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def getDatasetType(self, name): 

"""Get the `DatasetType`. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

name : `str` 

Name of the type. 

 

Returns 

------- 

type : `DatasetType` 

The `DatasetType` associated with the given name. 

 

Raises 

------ 

KeyError 

Requested named DatasetType could not be found in registry. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def getAllDatasetTypes(self): 

r"""Get every registered `DatasetType`. 

 

Returns 

------- 

types : `frozenset` of `DatasetType` 

Every `DatasetType` in the registry. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def addDataset(self, datasetType, dataId, run, producer=None, recursive=False, **kwds): 

"""Adds a Dataset entry to the `Registry` 

 

This always adds a new Dataset; to associate an existing Dataset with 

a new collection, use ``associate``. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

datasetType : `DatasetType` or `str` 

A `DatasetType` or the name of one. 

dataId : `dict` or `DataCoordinate` 

A `dict`-like object containing the `Dimension` links that identify 

the dataset within a collection. 

run : `Run` 

The `Run` instance that produced the Dataset. Ignored if 

``producer`` is passed (`producer.run` is then used instead). 

A Run must be provided by one of the two arguments. 

producer : `Quantum` 

Unit of work that produced the Dataset. May be `None` to store 

no provenance information, but if present the `Quantum` must 

already have been added to the Registry. 

recursive : `bool` 

If True, recursively add Dataset and attach entries for component 

Datasets as well. 

kwds 

Additional keyword arguments passed to 

`DataCoordinate.standardize` to convert ``dataId`` to a 

true `DataCoordinate` or augment an existing 

one. 

 

Returns 

------- 

ref : `DatasetRef` 

A newly-created `DatasetRef` instance. 

 

Raises 

------ 

ConflictingDefinitionError 

If a Dataset with the given `DatasetRef` already exists in the 

given collection. 

 

Exception 

If ``dataId`` contains unknown or invalid `Dimension` entries. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def getDataset(self, id, datasetType=None, dataId=None): 

"""Retrieve a Dataset entry. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

id : `int` 

The unique identifier for the Dataset. 

datasetType : `DatasetType`, optional 

The `DatasetType` of the dataset to retrieve. This is used to 

short-circuit retrieving the `DatasetType`, so if provided, the 

caller is guaranteeing that it is what would have been retrieved. 

dataId : `DataCoordinate`, optional 

A `Dimension`-based identifier for the dataset within a 

collection, possibly containing additional metadata. This is used 

to short-circuit retrieving the dataId, so if provided, the 

caller is guaranteeing that it is what would have been retrieved. 

 

Returns 

------- 

ref : `DatasetRef` 

A ref to the Dataset, or `None` if no matching Dataset 

was found. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def removeDataset(self, ref): 

"""Remove a dataset from the Registry. 

 

The dataset and all components will be removed unconditionally from 

all collections, and any associated `Quantum` records will also be 

removed. `Datastore` records will *not* be deleted; the caller is 

responsible for ensuring that the dataset has already been removed 

from all Datastores. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

ref : `DatasetRef` 

Reference to the dataset to be removed. Must include a valid 

``id`` attribute, and should be considered invalidated upon return. 

 

Raises 

------ 

AmbiguousDatasetError 

Raised if ``ref.id`` is `None`. 

OrphanedRecordError 

Raised if the dataset is still present in any `Datastore`. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def attachComponent(self, name, parent, component): 

"""Attach a component to a dataset. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

name : `str` 

Name of the component. 

parent : `DatasetRef` 

A reference to the parent dataset. Will be updated to reference 

the component. 

component : `DatasetRef` 

A reference to the component dataset. 

 

Raises 

------ 

AmbiguousDatasetError 

Raised if ``parent.id`` or ``component.id`` is `None`. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def associate(self, collection, refs): 

"""Add existing Datasets to a collection, implicitly creating the 

collection if it does not already exist. 

 

If a DatasetRef with the same exact ``dataset_id`` is already in a 

collection nothing is changed. If a `DatasetRef` with the same 

`DatasetType1` and dimension values but with different ``dataset_id`` 

exists in the collection, `ValueError` is raised. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

collection : `str` 

Indicates the collection the Datasets should be associated with. 

refs : iterable of `DatasetRef` 

An iterable of `DatasetRef` instances that already exist in this 

`Registry`. All component datasets will be associated with the 

collection as well. 

 

Raises 

------ 

ConflictingDefinitionError 

If a Dataset with the given `DatasetRef` already exists in the 

given collection. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def disassociate(self, collection, refs): 

r"""Remove existing Datasets from a collection. 

 

``collection`` and ``ref`` combinations that are not currently 

associated are silently ignored. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

collection : `str` 

The collection the Datasets should no longer be associated with. 

refs : `list` of `DatasetRef` 

A `list` of `DatasetRef` instances that already exist in this 

`Registry`. All component datasets will also be removed. 

 

Raises 

------ 

AmbiguousDatasetError 

Raised if ``any(ref.id is None for ref in refs)``. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def addDatasetLocation(self, ref, datastoreName): 

"""Add datastore name locating a given dataset. 

 

Typically used by `Datastore`. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

ref : `DatasetRef` 

A reference to the dataset for which to add storage information. 

datastoreName : `str` 

Name of the datastore holding this dataset. 

 

Raises 

------ 

AmbiguousDatasetError 

Raised if ``ref.id`` is `None`. 

""" 

# TODO: this requires `ref.dataset_id` to be not None, and probably 

# doesn't use anything else from `ref`. Should it just take a 

# `dataset_id`? 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def getDatasetLocations(self, ref): 

"""Retrieve datastore locations for a given dataset. 

 

Typically used by `Datastore`. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

ref : `DatasetRef` 

A reference to the dataset for which to retrieve storage 

information. 

 

Returns 

------- 

datastores : `set` of `str` 

All the matching datastores holding this dataset. Empty set 

if the dataset does not exist anywhere. 

 

Raises 

------ 

AmbiguousDatasetError 

Raised if ``ref.id`` is `None`. 

""" 

# TODO: this requires `ref.dataset_id` to be not None, and probably 

# doesn't use anything else from `ref`. Should it just take a 

# `dataset_id`? 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def removeDatasetLocation(self, datastoreName, ref): 

"""Remove datastore location associated with this dataset. 

 

Typically used by `Datastore` when a dataset is removed. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

datastoreName : `str` 

Name of this `Datastore`. 

ref : `DatasetRef` 

A reference to the dataset for which information is to be removed. 

 

Raises 

------ 

AmbiguousDatasetError 

Raised if ``ref.id`` is `None`. 

""" 

# TODO: this requires `ref.dataset_id` to be not None, and probably 

# doesn't use anything else from `ref`. Should it just take a 

# `dataset_id`? 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def addExecution(self, execution): 

"""Add a new `Execution` to the `Registry`. 

 

If ``execution.id`` is `None` the `Registry` will update it to 

that of the newly inserted entry. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

execution : `Execution` 

Instance to add to the `Registry`. 

The given `Execution` must not already be present in the 

`Registry`. 

 

Raises 

------ 

ConflictingDefinitionError 

If ``execution`` is already present in the `Registry`. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def getExecution(self, id): 

"""Retrieve an Execution. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

id : `int` 

The unique identifier for the Execution. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def makeRun(self, collection): 

"""Create a new `Run` in the `Registry` and return it. 

 

If a run with this collection already exists, return that instead. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

collection : `str` 

The collection used to identify all inputs and outputs 

of the `Run`. 

 

Returns 

------- 

run : `Run` 

A new `Run` instance. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def ensureRun(self, run): 

"""Conditionally add a new `Run` to the `Registry`. 

 

If the ``run.id`` is `None` or a `Run` with this ``id`` or 

``collection`` doesn't exist in the `Registry` yet, add it. Otherwise, 

ensure the provided run is identical to the one already in the 

registry. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

run : `Run` 

Instance to add to the `Registry`. 

 

Raises 

------ 

ConflictingDefinitionError 

If ``run`` already exists, but is not identical. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

@transactional 

def addRun(self, run): 

"""Add a new `Run` to the `Registry`. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

run : `Run` 

Instance to add to the `Registry`. 

The given `Run` must not already be present in the `Registry` 

(or any other). Therefore its `id` must be `None` and its 

`collection` must not be associated with any existing `Run`. 

 

Raises 

------ 

ConflictingDefinitionError 

If a run already exists with this collection. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def getRun(self, id=None, collection=None): 

""" 

Get a `Run` corresponding to its collection or id 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

id : `int`, optional 

Retrieve the run with the given integer ``id``. 

collection : `str` 

If given, lookup by ``collection`` name instead. 

 

Returns 

------- 

run : `Run` 

The `Run` instance. 

 

Raises 

------ 

ValueError 

Must supply one of ``collection`` or ``id``. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def expandDataId(self, dataId: Optional[DataId] = None, *, graph: Optional[DimensionGraph] = None, 

records: Optional[Mapping[DimensionElement, DimensionRecord]] = None, **kwds): 

"""Expand a dimension-based data ID to include additional 

information. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def insertDimensionData(self, element: Union[DimensionElement, str], 

*data: Union[dict, DimensionRecord], 

conform: bool = True): 

"""Insert one or more dimension records into the database. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

element : `DimensionElement` or `str` 

The `DimensionElement` or name thereof that identifies the table 

records will be inserted into. 

data : `dict` or `DimensionRecord` (variadic) 

One or more records to insert. 

conform : `bool`, optional 

If `False` (`True` is default) perform no checking or conversions, 

and assume that ``element`` is a `DimensionElement` instance and 

``data`` is a one or more `DimensionRecord` instances of the 

appropriate subclass. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def queryDimensions(self, dimensions: Iterable[Union[Dimension, str]], *, 

dataId: Optional[DataId] = None, 

datasets: Optional[Mapping[DatasetTypeExpression, CollectionsExpression]] = None, 

where: Optional[str] = None, 

expand: bool = True, 

**kwds) -> Iterator[DataCoordinate]: 

"""Query for and iterate over data IDs matching user-provided criteria. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

dimensions : `~collections.abc.Iterable` of `Dimension` or `str` 

The dimensions of the data IDs to yield, as either `Dimension` 

instances or `str`. Will be automatically expanded to a complete 

`DimensionGraph`. 

dataId : `dict` or `DataCoordinate`, optional 

A data ID whose key-value pairs are used as equality constraints 

in the query. 

datasets : `~collections.abc.Mapping`, optional 

Datasets whose existence in the registry constrain the set of data 

IDs returned. This is a mapping from a dataset type expression 

(a `str` name, a true `DatasetType` instance, a `Like` pattern 

for the name, or ``...`` for all DatasetTypes) to a collections 

expression (a sequence of `str` or `Like` patterns, or `...` for 

all collections). 

where : `str`, optional 

A string expression similar to a SQL WHERE clause. May involve 

any column of a dimension table or (as a shortcut for the primary 

key column of a dimension table) dimension name. 

expand : `bool`, optional 

If `True` (default) yield `ExpandedDataCoordinate` instead of 

minimal `DataCoordinate` base-class instances. 

kwds 

Additional keyword arguments are forwarded to 

`DataCoordinate.standardize` when processing the ``dataId`` 

argument (and may be used to provide a constraining data ID even 

when the ``dataId`` argument is `None`). 

 

Yields 

------ 

dataId : `DataCoordinate` 

Data IDs matching the given query parameters. Order is 

unspecified. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass") 

 

@abstractmethod 

def queryDatasets(self, datasetType: DatasetTypeExpression, *, 

collections: CollectionsExpression, 

dimensions: Optional[Iterable[Union[Dimension, str]]] = None, 

dataId: Optional[DataId] = None, 

where: Optional[str] = None, 

deduplicate: bool = False, 

expand: bool = True, 

**kwds) -> Iterator[DatasetRef]: 

"""Query for and iterate over dataset references matching user-provided 

criteria. 

 

Parameters 

---------- 

datasetType : `DatasetType`, `str`, `Like`, or ``...`` 

An expression indicating type(s) of datasets to query for. 

``...`` may be used to query for all known DatasetTypes. 

Multiple explicitly-provided dataset types cannot be queried in a 

single call to `queryDatasets` even though wildcard expressions 

can, because the results would be identical to chaining the 

iterators produced by multiple calls to `queryDatasets`. 

collections: `~collections.abc.Sequence` of `str` or `Like`, or ``...`` 

An expression indicating the collections to be searched for 

datasets. ``...`` may be passed to search all collections. 

dimensions : `~collections.abc.Iterable` of `Dimension` or `str` 

Dimensions to include in the query (in addition to those used 

to identify the queried dataset type(s)), either to constrain 

the resulting datasets to those for which a matching dimension 

exists, or to relate the dataset type's dimensions to dimensions 

referenced by the ``dataId`` or ``where`` arguments. 

dataId : `dict` or `DataCoordinate`, optional 

A data ID whose key-value pairs are used as equality constraints 

in the query. 

where : `str`, optional 

A string expression similar to a SQL WHERE clause. May involve 

any column of a dimension table or (as a shortcut for the primary 

key column of a dimension table) dimension name. 

deduplicate : `bool`, optional 

If `True` (`False` is default), for each result data ID, only 

yield one `DatasetRef` of each `DatasetType`, from the first 

collection in which a dataset of that dataset type appears 

(according to the order of ``collections`` passed in). Cannot be 

used if any element in ``collections`` is an expression. 

expand : `bool`, optional 

If `True` (default) attach `ExpandedDataCoordinate` instead of 

minimal `DataCoordinate` base-class instances. 

kwds 

Additional keyword arguments are forwarded to 

`DataCoordinate.standardize` when processing the ``dataId`` 

argument (and may be used to provide a constraining data ID even 

when the ``dataId`` argument is `None`). 

 

Yields 

------ 

ref : `DatasetRef` 

Dataset references matching the given query criteria. These 

are grouped by `DatasetType` if the query evaluates to multiple 

dataset types, but order is otherwise unspecified. 

 

Raises 

------ 

TypeError 

Raised when the arguments are incompatible, such as when a 

collection wildcard is pass when ``deduplicate`` is `True`. 

 

Notes 

----- 

When multiple dataset types are queried via a wildcard expression, the 

results of this operation are equivalent to querying for each dataset 

type separately in turn, and no information about the relationships 

between datasets of different types is included. In contexts where 

that kind of information is important, the recommended pattern is to 

use `queryDimensions` to first obtain data IDs (possibly with the 

desired dataset types and collections passed as constraints to the 

query), and then use multiple (generally much simpler) calls to 

`queryDatasets` with the returned data IDs passed as constraints. 

""" 

raise NotImplementedError("Must be implemented by subclass")